Cusco, Peru

Cusco, Peru is an incredibly unique and enchanting city that is steeped in history, culture and nature. It boasts some of the most diverse and breathtaking landscapes. It is the gateway to the ancient city of Machu Picchu, a 15th-century Inca citadel set high in the Andes Mountains. Visitors can explore the nearby Sacred Valley, take part in local festivities, visit impressive archaeological sites, and enjoy a variety of outdoor activities. Cusco is also known for its culinary and artistic delights, beautiful churches and vibrant night life. So, all these reasons make it a must-visit destination with something to suit everyone’s taste.

Cusco, the ancient Incan capital of Peru, is a unique destination known for its colonial-era Spanish architecture, indigenous culture, and archaeological ruins. Home to the famous Machu Picchu, it’s a must-see for any traveler looking to explore South America. Historical sites and natural wonders abound, making Cusco a stunning destination filled with adventure and culture!

Introduction

Cusco, nestled high in the Andes Mountains, is a city that embodies the rich history and vibrant culture of Peru. Once the capital of the Inca Empire, it remains one of the most captivating destinations in South America. Here’s a comprehensive guide to what makes Cusco a must-visit location:

Historical Significance

The Inca Capital

Cusco was the political, cultural, and religious heart of the Inca Empire, often referred to as the “navel of the world” by the Incas. Its strategic location made it the center of an expansive empire that spanned much of South America. The city’s historical significance is still evident in its well-preserved Incan ruins and ancient architecture.

Colonial Architecture

Following the Spanish conquest, Cusco became a colonial city, and this blend of Spanish and Incan influences is visible throughout the city. The Spanish built churches and administrative buildings on top of Inca foundations, creating a unique architectural fusion that defines much of Cusco’s charm.

Attractions

Machu Picchu

• The Jewel of the Inca Empire: Though not located directly in Cusco, Machu Picchu is the city’s most famous attraction. This ancient citadel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Visitors often use Cusco as a base for exploring Machu Picchu, either by train or by trekking the Inca Trail.

Sacsayhuaman

• Ancient Fortification: Just a short distance from the city center, Sacsayhuaman is an impressive Incan fortress renowned for its massive, precisely cut stone walls. The site offers breathtaking views of Cusco and is a testament to Inca engineering prowess.

Qorikancha

• Temple of the Sun: Once the most important temple in the Inca Empire, Qorikancha was dedicated to Inti, the sun god. Today, visitors can explore the remains of this sacred site, which is now partly occupied by the Church of Santo Domingo.

Culinary Delights

Traditional Peruvian Cuisine

• Local Flavors: Cusco is a culinary hotspot where visitors can enjoy traditional Peruvian dishes such as ceviche, lomo saltado, and alpaca steaks. The city’s restaurants offer a range of dining experiences from casual eateries to upscale establishments.

International Fusion

• Global Influence: Cusco’s vibrant food scene also includes international fusion dishes. Many restaurants blend traditional Peruvian ingredients with global culinary techniques, offering a unique and diverse dining experience.

Culture and Nightlife

Festivals and Events

• Cultural Celebrations: Cusco hosts various festivals throughout the year, including Inti Raymi, the Festival of the Sun, which is celebrated with traditional music, dance, and elaborate ceremonies.

Bars and Cafes

• Lively Atmosphere: The city’s nightlife is vibrant, with numerous bars and cafes lining the streets. Whether you’re looking for a quiet spot to enjoy a coffee or a lively bar to experience local music and dance, Cusco has something for everyone.

Things to Do

Cusco, the historic heart of the Inca Empire, offers a wealth of activities and experiences that highlight its rich cultural heritage and stunning natural beauty. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an adventure seeker, or simply looking to relax, Cusco has something for everyone. Here’s a guide to some of the best things to do in this vibrant city:

Explore Historical Sites

Machu Picchu

• Iconic Wonder: Although not directly in Cusco, Machu Picchu is often accessed via the city. This ancient Inca citadel, perched high in the Andes, is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World and an absolute must-see. Visitors can reach it via the Inca Trail, by train, or by a combination of both.

Sacsayhuaman

• Ancient Fortress: Located on a hill overlooking Cusco, Sacsayhuaman is renowned for its massive stone walls and impressive Inca architecture. The site offers breathtaking views of the city and is a testament to Inca engineering prowess.

Qorikancha

• Temple of the Sun: Once the most important temple in the Inca Empire, Qorikancha was dedicated to Inti, the sun god. Today, the site features impressive ruins integrated with the colonial Church of Santo Domingo.

Plaza de Armas

• Central Square: The Plaza de Armas is the heart of Cusco, surrounded by stunning colonial buildings, including the Cusco Cathedral and the Church of La Compañía de Jesús. It’s a great place to start exploring the city and soak in the atmosphere.

Visit the Sacred Valley of the Incas

Pisac

• Ruins and Market: The town of Pisac is famous for its impressive Inca ruins and vibrant market. Explore the archaeological site and wander through the local market for crafts, textiles, and fresh produce.

Moray and Maras

• Agricultural Marvels: Moray features unique circular terraces used by the Incas for agricultural experiments, while Maras is known for its salt flats. Both offer stunning landscapes and fascinating insights into Inca agricultural practices.

Ollantaytambo

• Ancient Town: Known for its well-preserved Inca ruins and traditional Incan streets, Ollantaytambo is a gateway to the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu. The site features impressive terraces and a fortress that once served as an important military and religious center.

Chinchero

• Traditional Village: Chinchero is a high-altitude village known for its traditional weaving and colonial church. It’s a great place to experience local culture and buy handcrafted textiles.

Take a Hike

Inca Trail

• Classic Trek: The Inca Trail is a famous trek that leads to Machu Picchu. The 4-day trek offers stunning views, diverse ecosystems, and ancient Inca ruins along the way.

Salkantay Trek

• Alternative Route: The Salkantay Trek is an alternative to the Inca Trail, offering breathtaking mountain scenery and a challenging hike that ends at Machu Picchu.

Sacred Valley Trails

• Scenic Walks: There are several hiking trails in the Sacred Valley, including those around Ollantaytambo and the Lares Valley, which offer beautiful landscapes and opportunities to see local wildlife.

Go Shopping

Local Markets

• San Pedro Market: This bustling market offers a wide range of local produce, textiles, and crafts. It’s an excellent place to buy souvenirs and experience local flavors.

Artisan Shops

• Handcrafted Goods: Cusco is home to numerous shops selling handmade textiles, jewelry, and crafts. Explore the city’s artisanal shops for unique gifts and souvenirs.

Enjoy Peruvian Cuisine

Traditional Dishes

• Pachamanca: A traditional dish made by cooking meats and vegetables in an earthen oven, Pachamanca is a must-try for food enthusiasts.
• Chicharrón: Crispy fried pork, often served with sweet potatoes and corn.
• Papa a la Huancaina: Boiled potatoes in a spicy, creamy cheese sauce.

International Cuisine

• Fusion and Fine Dining: Cusco’s restaurant scene offers a variety of international dishes, from gourmet restaurants to casual eateries.

Learn About History and Culture

Museums

• Museo Inka: Located in Cusco, this museum offers exhibits on Inca history, archaeology, and artifacts.
• Museo de Arte Precolombino: This museum features a collection of pre-Columbian art and artifacts from various cultures in Peru.

Cultural Experiences

• Workshops and Performances: Participate in local workshops on traditional weaving, pottery, or cooking. Enjoy cultural performances that showcase traditional Andean music and dance.

Relax at a Spa

Spa Treatments

• Wellness Retreats: Cusco has a range of spas offering massage, aromatherapy, and other treatments to help you unwind after a day of exploration.

Relaxing Atmosphere

• Scenic Views: Many spas in Cusco offer treatments with stunning views of the surrounding mountains and city, providing a relaxing and rejuvenating experience.

Foods

Cusco, with its rich cultural history and vibrant culinary scene, offers a delicious array of traditional Peruvian dishes. From savory main courses to refreshing beverages, Cusco’s food reflects the city’s blend of indigenous and colonial influences. Here’s a guide to some of the best foods you should try when visiting Cusco:

Traditional Dishes

Aji de Gallina

• Description: Aji de Gallina is a creamy and spicy chicken dish made with shredded chicken, aji pepper (a Peruvian chili), garlic, onions, and cheese. The sauce is typically served over rice, providing a rich and flavorful meal.
• Flavor Profile: Spicy, creamy, and slightly tangy, with a distinct kick from the aji pepper.

Pollo al Palo

• Description: This traditional Peruvian dish features barbecued chicken cooked over an open flame. The chicken is marinated with spices and herbs, resulting in a smoky and savory flavor.
• Flavor Profile: Smoky, tender, and flavorful with a hint of charred goodness.

Lomo Saltado

• Description: Lomo Saltado is a popular stir-fry combining strips of beef, tomatoes, onions, and French fries. It’s typically seasoned with soy sauce and vinegar, offering a fusion of Peruvian and Asian flavors.
• Flavor Profile: Savory and tangy, with a satisfying mix of crispy and tender textures.

Ceviche

• Description: Ceviche is a refreshing seafood dish made with raw fish marinated in lime juice, mixed with onions, cilantro, and chili peppers. The acidity of the lime juice “cooks” the fish, giving it a bright, zesty flavor.
• Flavor Profile: Tangy, citrusy, and slightly spicy with a fresh and light taste.

Alpaca Steak

• Description: Alpaca steak is a traditional Peruvian dish featuring tender grilled alpaca meat, served with potatoes and aji chili sauce. Alpaca meat is lean and flavorful, often enjoyed with various sides.
• Flavor Profile: Mildly gamey and rich, with a tender texture that pairs well with spicy sauces.

Unique Local Specialties

Quinotto

• Description: Quinotto is a unique twist on risotto, made with quinoa instead of rice. It’s typically cooked with cheese, vegetables like red onion and olives, and flavored with herbs and spices.
• Flavor Profile: Creamy and cheesy with a nutty undertone from the quinoa.

Papa Rellena

• Description: Papa Rellena is a deep-fried potato stuffed with a savory filling of ground beef, hard-boiled eggs, green olives, and raisins. This hearty dish offers a mix of flavors and textures.
• Flavor Profile: Crispy on the outside, with a flavorful, spiced filling that combines savory and sweet elements.

Rocoto Relleno

• Description: Rocoto Relleno consists of spicy rocoto peppers stuffed with a mixture of meat, cheese, and other ingredients. It’s a flavorful and spicy dish that highlights Peruvian chili peppers.
• Flavor Profile: Spicy and savory, with a rich and creamy stuffing that contrasts with the heat of the rocoto pepper.

Papa a la Huancaina

• Description: Papa a la Huancaina is a cold potato dish served with a creamy, spicy cheese sauce made from aji peppers. It’s a classic Peruvian appetizer or side dish.
• Flavor Profile: Creamy, tangy, and mildly spicy, with a satisfying combination of potatoes and cheese sauce.

Traditional Drinks

Chicha Morada

• Description: Chicha Morada is a traditional Peruvian beverage made from purple corn, flavored with spices like cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg, and often sweetened with sugar. It’s a refreshing and unique drink with a deep purple color.
• Flavor Profile: Sweet, slightly tangy, and aromatic with a rich, fruity flavor from the purple corn.

Hotels

Cusco, the ancient capital of the Inca Empire, offers a range of luxurious and comfortable accommodations that cater to every traveler’s needs. From historic mansions to modern retreats, here are some of the best hotels in Cusco where you can enjoy an exceptional stay:

Luxury Hotels

Belmond Hotel Monasterio

• Description: Set within a 16th-century Jesuit monastery, Belmond Hotel Monasterio is a luxurious 5-star hotel renowned for its stunning architecture and historical significance. The hotel offers elegant rooms, fine dining, and impeccable service.
• Highlights: Historical charm, stunning mountain views, and a luxurious spa.
• Location: Upscale area of Cusco.

Palacio Del Inka

• Description: Located in an 18th-century colonial mansion, Palacio Del Inka is a symbol of opulence and sophistication. This five-star hotel features luxurious suites, a world-class spa, and exquisite Peruvian cuisine.
• Highlights: Opulent decor, rich history, and top-notch amenities.
• Location: Central Cusco, near major attractions.

Sol y Luna Luxury Hotel and Spa

• Description: Nestled in the countryside near the Sacred Valley, Sol y Luna offers a serene escape with its expansive Miracle Garden and luxurious accommodations. The hotel features multiple pools, a spa, and personalized service.
• Highlights: Extensive gardens, health-focused therapies, and luxurious facilities.
• Location: Near the Sacred Valley, a short drive from Cusco.

Boutique and Stylish Hotels

The Antiqo Hotel Boutique

• Description: The Antiqo Hotel Boutique blends colonial charm with modern amenities. This stylish hotel provides a unique and comfortable stay, featuring a tranquil courtyard with native plants and elegant decor.
• Highlights: Colonial and modern decor, peaceful courtyard, and personalized service.
• Location: Central Cusco, offering easy access to local attractions.

Casa Andina Select Cusco

• Description: Casa Andina Select Cusco offers a blend of modern comfort and Andean-style architecture. Located in the heart of Cusco, this five-star hotel provides spacious rooms and stunning views of the surrounding mountains.
• Highlights: Modern amenities, spacious rooms, and convenient central location.
• Location: Central Cusco, close to shopping and dining options.

Other Notable Mentions

Hotel El Mercado

• Description: A charming hotel with a focus on traditional Peruvian hospitality, Hotel El Mercado features comfortable rooms and a relaxing ambiance. It’s known for its excellent service and authentic local cuisine.
• Highlights: Authentic atmosphere, attentive service, and central location.
• Location: Near the Plaza de Armas.

Novotel Cusco

• Description: Novotel Cusco combines modern comfort with traditional design elements. This hotel offers a range of amenities, including a restaurant, fitness center, and spacious rooms.
• Highlights: Modern facilities, comfortable rooms, and convenient amenities.
• Location: Close to major attractions and transportation.

Conclusion

Cusco’s array of top-tier accommodations ensures that travelers can find the perfect place to stay, whether they’re seeking historic grandeur, modern luxury, or a boutique experience. Each of these hotels offers something unique, enhancing your visit to this culturally rich and historically significant city. From the opulent Belmond Hotel Monasterio to the tranquil Sol y Luna Luxury Hotel and Spa, you’re sure to find a stay that suits your preferences and makes your Cusco experience truly memorable.

Summary

• Attraction: Cusco
• Country: Peru
• Continent: South America
• Capital Name: Lima
• Language: Spanish (official), English
• Currency: The Sol
• Nationality: Peruvian
• Category: #Destination #SouthAmerica #PERU 

Frequently Asked Questions

Where is Cusco located?

Cusco is located in southeastern Peru, situated in the Andes Mountains. It is approximately 3,400 meters (11,200 feet) above sea level and serves as the gateway to the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu.

How can one travel to Cusco?

Traveling to Cusco typically involves several transportation options depending on your starting point:
To reach Cusco:
By Air:

• If traveling internationally, fly into Lima’s Jorge Chávez International Airport (LIM).
• From Lima, take a domestic flight to Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ) in Cusco.

By Land:

• Buses operate from Lima to Cusco, taking approximately 20-24 hours.
• Buses also connect Cusco with other Peruvian cities like Arequipa and Puno.

By Train:

• From Ollantaytambo, you can take a train to Aguas Calientes (Machu Picchu Pueblo), and from there, continue by train or bus to Cusco.

Important Considerations:

• Cusco is at a high altitude (about 3,400 meters or 11,200 feet). Plan for acclimatization to prevent altitude sickness.
• Book flights, trains, or buses in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
• Ensure you have necessary travel documents such as passports, visas (if required), and any permits for attractions like Machu Picchu.

Traveling to Cusco provides access to Peru’s rich cultural heritage, including Inca ruins, colonial architecture, and vibrant markets.

What’s the climate like in Cusco?

Cusco has a subtropical highland climate, characterized by cool to mild temperatures year-round due to its elevation in the Andes Mountains. Here are some key aspects of Cusco’s climate:

• Dry Season: The dry season runs from May to October. During this time, Cusco experiences sunny days with clear skies and minimal rainfall. Daytime temperatures range from around 18°C to 20°C (64°F to 68°F), but nights can be chilly, dropping to about 0°C to 5°C (32°F to 41°F).
• Wet Season: The wet season occurs from November to April. This period brings more rain, particularly from December to March, with January and February typically receiving the highest rainfall. Daytime temperatures remain mild, ranging from 17°C to 19°C (63°F to 66°F), while nighttime temperatures are slightly warmer compared to the dry season.
• Altitude and Weather Variability: Due to Cusco’s high altitude (around 3,400 meters or 11,200 feet), weather conditions can change quickly. Mornings and evenings tend to be cooler, and there can be significant temperature fluctuations throughout the day.
• Sun Protection: Despite the cool temperatures, the high altitude means UV radiation is strong. Sunscreen and protective clothing are recommended, especially for outdoor activities.

What are Cusco’s must-visit attractions or landmarks?

Cusco, Peru, is rich in historical and cultural attractions that reflect its significance as the former capital of the Inca Empire and its colonial history. Here are some must-visit attractions and landmarks in Cusco:

• Plaza de Armas (Main Square): The central square of Cusco, surrounded by colonial buildings and featuring the Cathedral of Santo Domingo.
• Cathedral of Santo Domingo: Located on the Plaza de Armas, this cathedral is one of Cusco’s most prominent landmarks, renowned for its architecture and art.
• Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun): An Inca temple originally dedicated to the sun god Inti, later converted into the Convent of Santo Domingo. It showcases impressive Inca stonework and Spanish colonial architecture.
• Sacsayhuamán: A massive Inca fortress located on the outskirts of Cusco, known for its impressive stone walls and panoramic views of the city.
• San Pedro Market: A bustling local market offering a variety of Peruvian goods, including fresh produce, handicrafts, and local cuisine.
• San Blas Neighborhood: Known for its narrow streets, colonial architecture, and artisan workshops. It’s a hub for artists and has many cafes and shops.
• Museo de Arte Precolombino (Pre-Columbian Art Museum): Displays a collection of pre-Columbian art, including ceramics, textiles, and metalwork from various ancient Peruvian cultures.
• Pisac Market and Archaeological Site: Located in the Sacred Valley, Pisac is famous for its colorful market (open on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays) and the nearby Inca ruins overlooking the valley.
• Chinchero: A small Andean village known for its traditional textiles and Inca ruins, including agricultural terraces and a colonial church.
• Machu Picchu: Although not in Cusco itself, Machu Picchu is easily accessible from Cusco via train and bus. This iconic Inca citadel is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world.

Is Cusco a suitable travel destination for solo adventurers, honeymooning couples, or those traveling with families?

Yes, Cusco is a versatile travel destination suitable for various types of travelers:

1. Solo Adventurers: Cusco offers plenty of opportunities for solo travelers to explore ancient ruins, hike scenic trails, and immerse themselves in local culture. Hostels and budget accommodations cater well to solo travelers seeking social interaction and adventure.
2. Honeymooning Couples: Cusco’s romantic ambiance, charming colonial architecture, and breathtaking landscapes make it an ideal destination for honeymooners. Couples can enjoy intimate walks through historic streets, explore ancient ruins together, and indulge in fine dining experiences.
3. Families: Cusco is family-friendly, with attractions like the markets, museums, and easy access to outdoor activities suitable for children and adults alike. Many hotels and tour operators offer family-friendly accommodations and activities, ensuring everyone can enjoy the cultural and natural wonders of the region.

Why should you visit Cusco?

1. Historical Significance: Cusco was the capital of the Inca Empire and is home to numerous archaeological sites, including Sacsayhuamán, Qorikancha, and the nearby Sacred Valley. Exploring these sites offers a glimpse into the ancient civilization’s advanced engineering and cultural achievements.
2. Colonial Architecture: The city boasts well-preserved Spanish colonial architecture, particularly around the Plaza de Armas and in the San Blas neighborhood. The Cathedral of Santo Domingo and other churches are prime examples of this blend of Inca and Spanish styles.
3. Gateway to Machu Picchu: Cusco is the gateway to Machu Picchu, one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Many travelers visit Cusco as a base to explore this iconic archaeological site, accessible via train and bus from the city.
4. Cultural Diversity: Cusco’s vibrant culture is evident in its markets, festivals, and traditional arts. Visitors can shop for handmade crafts, textiles, and jewelry at markets like San Pedro Market and explore local cuisine and music.
5. Scenic Beauty: Surrounded by the Andes Mountains, Cusco offers stunning natural landscapes. Views from Sacsayhuamán and other high points in the city provide panoramic vistas of the city and mountains.
6. Adventure Activities: The region around Cusco offers opportunities for trekking, hiking, and outdoor adventures. Popular activities include trekking the Inca Trail, mountain biking, and exploring the Sacred Valley.
7. Hospitality and Cuisine: Cusco is known for its warm hospitality, with many hotels, hostels, and restaurants catering to travelers. The local cuisine, influenced by Andean and Spanish traditions, includes dishes like ceviche, cuy (guinea pig), and quinoa-based dishes.

Is it difficult to find halal food in Cusco?

Finding halal food in Cusco can be a bit challenging, as Peru is predominantly Catholic and its cuisine typically includes pork and other non-halal ingredients. However, there are some options available for Muslim travelers:

1. Vegetarian and Seafood Dishes: Many Peruvian dishes are based on seafood or vegetables, which can be halal-friendly. Look for restaurants that specialize in seafood or vegetarian cuisine.
2. International Restaurants: Some international restaurants in Cusco may offer halal options or dishes that can be modified to be halal. Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian restaurants are worth exploring.
3. Communication with Restaurants: It’s helpful to communicate your dietary restrictions clearly with restaurant staff. They may be able to accommodate requests for halal preparation or suggest suitable dishes.
4. Self-Catering: If you prefer more control over your meals, consider staying in accommodation with kitchen facilities and preparing your own halal meals using ingredients from local markets.
5. Online Resources and Apps: Use online resources and apps that cater to halal dining preferences. They can provide information on halal-certified restaurants or reviews from Muslim travelers.